Isolated micropenis reveals partial androgen insensitivity syndrome confirmed by molecular analysis

Isolated micropenis reveals partial androgen insensitivity syndrome confirmed by molecular analysis.

Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is the milder variant of androgen receptor (AR) defects. The subtle effects of AR mutations present in a patient with micropenis, peno-scrotal hypospadias, infertility, clitoromegaly and posterior labial fusion. We studied the association of isolated micropenis with the genetic defects resulting in androgen resistance, that is, AR gene defects and ...

Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome Presenting with Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast caused by the proliferation of glandular breast tissue. Determining the various causes of gynecomastia such as physiological causes, drugs, systemic diseases, and endocrine disorders is important. Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a rare endocrine disorder presenting with gynecomastia and is a disorder of male sexual differentiation...

Partial Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome: A rare disease

Androgen insensitivity syndrome is a rare disease, manifested as normal female external phenotype to infertile male with 46 XY karyotype due to different level of resistance of androgen receptor. Androgen insensitivy syndrome is classified as complete, partial and mild androgen insensitivity. Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome is further subclassified according to morphogenesis as predomin...

Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome in Three Sisters

Gender dysphoria and gender change in androgen insensitivity or micropenis.

This review article answers three questions relevant to the medical management and care of individuals born with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS), partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS), or a micropenis: (1) Do any of these individuals reassign themselves from their initial gender assignment? (2) Do more reassign than the ones who do not? (3) Is there evidence of gender d...